Module+4

Exercise 7.1: Identifying Benefits Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 9 points)

A. State your societal problem. Briefly describe your preferred policy at the local, state, or federal level and identify the primary unit of government responsible for implementing your policy. Your preferred policy is the one you believe will be most successful in dealing with the societal problem. Note: The problem and level you choose do not have to be the same as you used in Module 3, and you may choose a policy that is different than those you specified in Module 3. (3 points) Part A score:_


 * ** State your societal problem here (make sure to specify the geographic location you are focusing on): **

Smoking in NY
 * ** Describe your preferred policy to deal with this societal problem here: **

Smoking ban in public areas.


 * ** Identify the level and primary unit of government responsible for implementing this policy here: **

New York State Department of Health.
 * ** Identify your source of information and explain how it helped you formulate your policy here: **

New York State Department of Health introduced a new policy which establish that no one should smoke in public areas or facilities like public pools, closed environments which are available for any one such as buses, limousines, taxicabs or waiting areas. Also, smoking in places like theaters, public centers and food services establishments should be ban.

"State of New York - Regulation of Smoking in Public and Work Places", NYS Department of Health, [], March 28, 2011.

B. List the three most significant benefits of your policy and assign a rating of significance of 1, 2, or 3 to each item. Each rating can be used more than once. List each item in order from most significant (3) to least significant (1). Justify each rating you have assigned in no more than two sentences. (6 points) Part B Score:_

** Rating (1-3): ** ** 3 ** ** Justification of rating: ** ** A lot of people are second-hand smoker because they go to places where smoking is allowed in closed spaces so they suffer from respiratory problems, with this policy the people who dont smoke would not suffer from second hand smoking neither. **
 * ** List the most significant benefit here: Health benefits for non-smokers. **

** Rating (1-3): ** ** 3 ** ** Justification of rating: ** ** By not being able to smoke in closed spaces, people who smoke in clubs or bars would reduce the amount of cigarretes they consume per pack, reducing the amount of smoke entering their system. **
 * ** List the second most significant benefit here: Health benefits for smokers. **

** Rating (1-3): 2 ** ** Justification of rating: ** ** Less smoke means less carbon dioxide going to the ozone layer which contributes to the greenhouse effect. **
 * ** List the third most significant benefit here: Environmental impact **

Exercise 7.2: Identifying Costs Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 6 points)

List the three most significant costs of your policy and assign a rating of significance of 1, 2, or 3 to each item. Each rating can be used more than once. List each item in order from most significant (3) to least significant (1). Justify each rating you have assigned in no more than two sentences. All financial considerations must be grouped as a single cost. Do not discuss problems with the policy itself, but instead the costs that will arise if it is implemented.

** Rating (1-3): 2 ** ** Justification of rating: ** ** bussinesses that allowed smoking will be affected with the number of people going there. **
 * ** List the most significant cost here: ** ** cost to bussinesses. **

** Rating (1-3): 2 ** ** Justification of rating: ** ** The state would have to invest more money to the authorities so these policies are followed. **
 * ** List the second most significant cost here: ** ** cost to the state **

** Rating (1-3): 3 ** ** Justification of rating: ** ** Packs of cigarretes may get more expensive which would affect the economy of big tobacco industries which also would impact in the economy overall in the state of New York **
 * ** List the third most significant cost here: ** ** Cigarretes price **

Exercise 7.3: Comparing Benefits and Costs Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 3 points)

Calculate the benefit‑cost ratio as described in the //Maxwell Manual// and show your calculations below. Then, in one sentence, interpret the ratio. No citation or reference is needed for this exercise.

benefit1 + 2 +3 / cost 1+2+3 = Cost benefit ratio
 * ** Place the original formula and your calculation of the benefit-cost ratio here: **
 * ** Write a one sentence interpretation here: **

8/7= 1.25 . One is the breaking point so the benefits from this policy are more than the costs.

Exercise 7.4: Analyzing Your Career Preferences Your Total Score: ___ (Maximum: 16 points)


 * 1) Complete the survey below by placing an “x” next to your preference for a career and then answer the question at the end of the survey. (3 points) Part A Score (3 points)


 * 1) **Salary:** Salary Top 10%_ Less than 40 ___ No more than 40 Over 60___ 40- 60_ Mostly doing good ___ Doing good and making money___ Mostly making money ___ Solely making money__ _ Between 10% and 50% Under 50% of income among US workers
 * 2) **Hours:** Part- Time
 * 3) **Field Type:** Solely doing good
 * 4) **Proximity:** Very close to where you live _Across the country ___ Out of the country__ _ Within 3 hours of where you live
 * 5) **Travel for Job:** No travel ___ Travel 1-12 times a year__ _ Travel once a month __Travel more than once a week__ Somewhat risky ___ Neither risky nor secure__ _ Somewhat secure ___ Very secure ___ Travel once a week
 * 6) **Economic Risk:** Very risky
 * 7) **Working Environment:** Very orderly ___ Orderly__ _ Neither orderly nor chaotic __Very chaotic__ Mid- Atlantic __Southwest__ _ Mid- west ___ West__ High school diploma ___ Some college__ _ College diploma ___ Graduate education ___ South Chaotic
 * 8) **Region:** Northeast
 * 9) **Education:** Some high school
 * 10) **Neighborhood:** Urban __Rural__ _ Suburban


 * ** In no more than four sentences indicate the two most important categories in this survey and why they are important to you here: **

** The most important categories for me are salary and economic risk. These categories are important because they determine how wealthy you are going to be, and it also affects your life style. **


 * 1) Rate the following values on a scale of 1 to 3 in terms of importance for what characteristics your career should have and answer the question that follows the survey. Part C Score (3 points)

** 1 – Of Very Little Importance 2 – Somewhat Important 3 – Very Important **

1. __3__ **Helping Society:** Doing something that contributes to improving our world. 2. __3__ **Helping Others:** Being involved in helping other people in a direct way. 3. __2__ **Competition:** Engaging in activities that rival my abilities against others. 4. __2__ **Creativity:** Creating new ideas, programs, or organizational structures. 5. __1__ **Artistic Creativity:** Engaging in creative activities such as painting, writing, or acting. 6. __3__ **Knowledge:** Engaging in learning and understanding new things. 7. __3__ **Having Power and Authority:** Controlling or influencing the opinions and activities of others. 8. __2__ **Public Contact:** Having a lot of day- to-day contact with others. 9. __2__ **Working Alone:** Doing projects alone without much contact with others. 10. __1__ **Religious:** Participating in activities to better relate to the divine, mystical, or spiritual. 11. __1__ **Recognition:** Being recognized for the things I do in a public way. 12. __3__ **Physical Challenge:** Doing activities that will require strength, speed, or agility. 13. __3__ **Excitement:** Doing stimulating or thrilling work. 14. ___3_ **Intellectual Status:** Being thought of as an intellectual or an expert.__ 15. 2 __**Change and Variety:** Having responsibilities that frequently change.__ 16. 3 __**Stability:** Having structure and routine in my activities.__ 17. 3 __**Profit-Gain:** Making lots of money.__ 18. 3 __**Fun:** Finding pleasure in what you do.__ 19. 3 __**Working With Others:** Working as a team member toward common goals.__ 20. 3 __**Adventure:** Participating in risk-__ taking activities. 21. 3 __**Independence:** Being my own boss.__ 22. 3__ **Technology:** Working well with machines and tools.


 * ** In no more than three sentences indicate which value is most important to you and why here: **

The value that is most important to me is physical challenge. I chose physical challenge because a enjoy doing activities that require strength, speed and agility. ** 1- **** Not interested 2- Minimally Interested 3- Not sure 4- Interested 5- Very interested **
 * 1) Rate the following activities using a scale of 1-5 based on your possible interest in the activity, not necessarily your interest in doing the activities as a career. Add the total score for each section and mark it on the line provided (2 points). Part C Score __

___1__ Research new ways to produce food __1___ Care for animals ___1__ Set up traps to catch crabs, lobster, or shellfish ___1__ Manage a farm ___1__ Maintain planted areas of trees, flowers, or shrubs ___1__ Design, build, or remodel homes ___1__ Survey roads, property lines, and bridges ___1__ Build roads or bridges ___1__ Install electrical wiring in a building ___1__ Install plumbing and bathroom pipes/fixtures ** Communications ** ___1__ Write stories or plays ___1__ Broadcast programs on TV or radio ___1__ Design a web page ___1__ Play in a band, orchestra, or music group ___1__ Operate equipment used in radio and TV ** Administration **
 * ** 1. Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources **
 * ___5__ Total ** || ** 2. Architecture & Construction **
 * 5_ Total ** ||
 * ** 3. Arts, A/V Technology & **
 * ___5__ Total ** || ** 4. Business, Management & **

1_ Type or write reports ___1__ Prepare tax records for people or companies ___1__ Manage a store ___4__ Work with computers __1__ Answer the telephone and greet customers
 * ___8__ Total ** ||

___1__ Teach students to read ___1__ Take care of young children ___3__ Research test data ___1__ Teach a Yoga class ___1__ Coach a team ** ___7__ Total ** || ** 6. Finance ** ___3__ Keep track of money ___1__ Sell insurance to people ___3__ Manage a bank department ___1__ Prepare financial records for people or companies ___1__ Help people invest their money ** ___9__ Total ** || ___1__ Plan a skate park ___1__ Direct a social service agency ___1__ Participate in fund raisers __4___ Make regulations to protect the environment ___1__ Develop bills to become laws ** __8___ Total ** || ** 8. Health Science ** ___5__ Examine people and give them medical treatment __5___ Give first aid to patients in an ambulance ___2__ Help an injured person learn to walk again ___1__ Process medical records and correspondence 5_ Read an X-ray ** ___18__ Total ** || ___1__ Escort groups of people on tours ___1__ Serve meals and beverages to people ___1__ Umpire or referee a sporting event ___1__ Plan and conduct activities and trips for tourists ___1__ Manage a hotel ** ___5__ Total ** || ** 10. Human Services ** ___3__ Counsel people in hospitals, clinics, or schools __3___ Help youth, couples, and families resolve conflict ___4__ Advise people about their nutritional needs ___2__ Hold parenting classes ___2__ Plan activities for community centers ** ___14__ Total ** ||
 * ** 5. Education & Training**
 * ** 7. Government & Public Administration **
 * ** 9. Hospitality & Tourism **

___2__ Follow blueprints to inspect electronic equipment __1___ Use computer applications to create reports __1___ Repair computers ___1__ Design programs for computers ___1__ Write technical directions for engineers ** ___6__ Total ** || # ** 12. Law, Public Safety, Corrections & Security ** __3___ Protect lives and property from hazards ___1__ Uncover details of a crime and arrest suspects ___1__ Study legal documents to find information __3___ Guard money or valuables in an armored car ___3__ Defend someone in court and advise them about laws ** ___11__ Total ** || __1___ Use small or large power tools to build or repair items ___1__ Use precision devices to make parts ___1__ Use machines to shape, cut, or mold metal, fabric or wood ___1__ Install electrical equipment ___3__ Build robots ** ___7__ Total ** || # ** 14. Marketing, Sales & Service ** ___1__ Buy clothing and accessories for a department store ___1__ Sell advertising space for a magazine ___1__ Provide beauty treatments for hair, faces, or nails __1___ Run your own business over the Internet ___1__ Sell houses or land ** ___5__ Total ** || ___5__ Conduct experiments in a lab ___1__ Use advanced math to solve complex problems ___1__ Study causes of animal diseases ___1__ Study space and the solar system ___1__ Find alternate power sources ** ___9__ Total ** || ** 16. Transportation, Distribution & Logistics ** ___1__ Drive a truck to deliver products ___3__ Pilot a ship or airplane ___1__ Drive a bus or taxi ___1__ Operate a train ___1__ Manage a distribution warehouse ** ___7__ Total ** ||
 * # ** 11. Information Technology **
 * # ** 13. Manufacturing **
 * ** 15. Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) **

1 Access **__[|http://online.onetcenter.org].__** On the home page select “Career Clusters” under “Find Occupations.” From there select the career cluster that received the highest score from above. Choose a job that you would one day like to have. State the career cluster you selected. In no more than 250 words, describe and explain two pros and two cons for you of the job you selected. Be sure to include the education level required for this job position, salary and projected job openings. No citation needed for this exercise. (8 points) Part D score:

Health Science One of the most important pros that i see in becoming a surgeon is the personal satisfaction that you would get by saving a person that is a few steps away from death, the social status that you get from becoming a surgeon is also important as long as the salary you get from doing so. Second pro is that in this career you are always learning new techniques and procedures, new tools are always coming out and find this interesting because I think that using tools to "fix" a person is amazing and i have been always amazed by the capacity that some people has to do so. The biggest con that I find in this job is that you the educational requirements that a person needs in order to get into a surgical residency is too extensive so for a person that needs or wants to start earning money quickly this is not a good option. The secon con is that the schedule of a surgeon is really irregular so they can be called in at anytime of the day to perform or take part in an operation, to give second opinions or discuss a condition so this aspect would affect the person's social and familiar life.
 * ** State the career cluster you chose here: **
 * ** Explain at least two benefits and costs of the job you selected. Be sure to include the education level required for this position here: **

A biology bachelor degree is required or a pre-med program, after that one should apply to medical school and complete it sucessfully, when becoming a physician you have to get into a surgical residency and when your done with it, you would get the title of general surgeon. Other specializations are available wich require more time studying and specializing in one part of the body, like a neurolocial surgeon.

Exercise 7.5: Analyzing Benefit-Cost Discussion in the News Media Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 4 points)

Using ProQuest Newspapers, or any other print or electronic newspaper source, select a recent (within the past six months) editorial, letter to the editor, or op-ed article that discusses an existing or proposed policy on __your__ societal problem. Attach the entire article directly behind this exercise.


 * ** State the policy using a direct quote from the article here: **

"Mayor Michael Bloomberg signed the legislation on Tuesday after the city council voted 36 to 12 in favour of the smoking restrictions earlier this month. The law extends the city's existing ban on smoking in restaurants and bars."


 * **If the author does not use the terms “benefits” and “costs,” discuss what terms are used in place of them here (if the author does use the exact terms “benefits” and “costs” please specify that below as well):**

The author uses the term enjoy refering to the ban which would stop people from smoking in places like parks in new york city, he says that the parks are the "lungs" of New York City and he also says that individuals should be able to enjoy of a comfortable and healthy environment.


 * ** Describe how well the writer evaluates the benefits and costs of the policy here: **

The author describres that Mayor Michael Bloomberg is trying to impose a healthier lifestyle for new yorkers, he refers to other policies like not buying soda with foodstamps or cutting salt on fast food which in a long term would benefit people in New York.

Debusmann Berd, reuters.com, NYC outdoor smoking extinguised since May 23, Last Acces March 31,2011 []

Exercise 8.1: Provide Data for Four Years on A Variable Measuring Your Societal Problem Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 12 points)

A. State your societal problem, and restate the same policy (including the same geographical location) as you stated in 7.1. (2 points) Part A score: ___


 * ** Restate your societal problem here, including the geographic location you are focusing on: **

Smoking in NY


 * ** Restate the policy here, including the geographic location of the policy: **

Smoking ban in public areas.

B. Select one variable that measures a societal condition that you expect your policy to impact at the same geographic location stated in 7.1. The variable must use or be based on at least one piece of real data from a published print or electronic source. (10 points) · Provide data for four time intervals. The last must be within the past calendar year. Up to three can be estimated. If you are using academic data, use school years (ex. 2001-2002). · Data should be set up in a chart as shown in Chapter 8 of the //Maxwell Manual// and using the format below, including all appropriate labels · Directly behind this exercise, attach a copy of the data you used for your real data point(s). The copy must come from a published print or electronic source. Part B score:_

** Period ** || ** Number ** ** of [Variable] ** || ** Source or Rationale for Estimation ** ||
 * ** [Title of Chart (variable) Goes Here] ** ||
 * ** Time **
 * 2000 || 21.7 || graph ||
 * 2003 || 19.2 || graph ||
 * 2006 || 17.5 || graph ||
 * 2009 || 15.8 || graph ||



[]

Exercise 8.2: Calculate Percent Change Using Excel

Your Total Score_ (Maximum: 20 points)

A. Using the formula presented in the Chapter 8, calculate the percent change between the first and second year of the data presented in 8.1 of your own module. (3 points) Part A score:_

· ** Write percent change here: ** ** -4.6% **

· ** Show the original formula and your calculations here: **

Percent Change = New Data - Old Data/Old Data * 100

B. Using Excel and the instructions provided to you in Chapter 8, calculate the percent change between each of the four years as well as between the first year and the fourth year for the variable you collected. Show all four percent changes in the format shown in Chapter 8. (14 points) Part B score:_


 * ** Insert Excel chart here: **


 * ** Trends in Adult Smoking, NYC ** ||
 * Year ||  Percent Adults Smoking, NYC  ||  Percent Change  ||
 * 1994 ||  21.6  ||   ||
 * 1997 ||  21.5  ||  -0.46  ||
 * 2000 ||  21.7  ||  0.93  ||
 * 2003 ||  19.2  ||  -11.52  ||
 * 2006 ||  17.5  ||  -8.85  ||
 * 2009 ||  15.8  ||  -9.71  ||
 * Total Percent Change ||  -26.85  ||

C. Describe the pattern or lack of it over the four years. (3 points) Part C score:_


 * ** Describe the pattern here: **

** The graph stayed stable from 1994 to 2000 changing by 0.1 % but then after 2000 it dropped abruptly. **

Exercise 8.3: Deciding on the Years to Use for Your Benchmark Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 6 points)

State what three years for which you would set your benchmark. Briefly indicate why you have chosen those years. If your societal problem involves education, you must use academic years.

· ** State what three years you set your benchmark for here: **

** 2012, 2015 and 2018, **

· ** Briefly justify why you have chosen these years here: **

Going by a pattern of 3 years gives enough time to get a good percentage of the people who is smoking in NYC.

Exercise 8.4: Displaying Your Baseline Forecast Total Score: (Maximum: 8 points)

Place a trend line graph below that displays your historical data and your baseline forecast for the three years selected in 8.3, followed by a brief justification of the forecast. The gap between the end of your historical data (as entered in 8.1) and the beginning of your forecasted years must be shown on the graph. No citation or reference is necessary for this exercise. Refer to Chapter 8 in the //Maxwell Manual//.

· ** Follow the instructions in 8.4 of the chapter to insert a trend line graph, and insert your graph here: **



· ** Write a clear justification of your forecast by quoting at least two ideas discussed in 8.4 of the chapter here: **

The line is going down since 2000 so it will continue to go down, with the new NYC policy there will be a decrease in the percentage of people smoking.

Exercise 8.5: Setting Your Benchmarks Total Score:_ (Maximum: 16 points)

After carefully reading the discussion in Chapter 8, indicate your three benchmarks in the spaces provided below that include the years chosen in 8.3, the benchmark, and the justification. You must use at least two of the five guidelines for setting benchmarks discussed in 8.5 of Chapter 8 in at least two different justifications. No citation or reference is necessary for this exercise.

** Complete the chart below: [Title Fully Describing Variable Including Rate or %] **


 * ** Year ** || ** Benchmark ** || ** Justification ** ||
 * 2012 || 15.1 || percentage is constant since 2000 ||
 * ** Year ** || ** Benchmark ** || ** Justification ** ||
 * 2015 || 14.5 || percentage is constant since 2000 ||
 * ** Year ** || ** Benchmark ** || ** Justification ** ||
 * 2018 || 13.9 || percentage is constant since 2000 ||

Exercise 8.6: Using Benchmarks to Support your Policy Proposal Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 14 points)

A. Identify a player to whom you would present an oral briefing using the benchmark you developed for Exercise 8.5. List the player’s name and title below. (2 points) Part A score:

· ** List the player’s name here: **

** Barack Obama **

· ** List the player’s title here: **

** President of the United States of America **

B. Place a graph that shows the historical pattern, baseline, and benchmark forecasts below: (8 points) Part B score: _

· ** Follow the instructions in 8.4 and 8.6 from Chapter 8 to insert a trend line graph, and insert your graph here: **



C. In no more than 3 sentences, describe the specific benefit of the policy as expressed in the above graph. (4 points) __ Part C score: ___

· **Place response here:**

The specific benefity of my policy would be that less people in New York City would smoke. Future generations would benefit from factors like air contamination from smoking. Public Health Care costs from smoking would decrease.

Exercise 8.7: References Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 6 points)
 * Prepare a list of references that includes all sources for this module.
 * Follow the APA format.
 * Include all sources used in the exercises.

· ** Start References on the next line or on the next page: **

 "State of New York - Regulation of Smoking in Public and Work Places", NYS Department of Health, [], March 28, 2011.

Debusmann Berd, reuters.com, NYC outdoor smoking extinguised since May 23, Last Acces March 31,2011 [|**://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/23/uk-smoking-newyork-idUSLNE71M02P20110223**]

Adults smoking in New York []