Module+3

** BASED ON CHAPTERS 5 & 6 **
 * PAF 101 EXERCISES: MODULE THREE **

Whenever you use a source in your answer, including all quotes, you must provide an APA-style internal citation and a full APA-style reference in the References page exercise. HINT: Most of these exercises require citations.

**Only attach an article if required by exercise directions. Whenever you attach an article, it must be directly behind the exercise in which it appears, and it must be clearly labeled with the exercise number and letter to which it pertains. Attach only the first page of the article unless otherwise stated.**

Exercise 5.1: Describing the Societal Problem and its Geographic Location Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 8 points)

A. Briefly state your societal problem and which local area of the country it applies to (i.e. town, city, county, school district). For this module, your geographic level must be local. (2 points) Part A score:_

Nursing Shortage
 * State your societal problem here:

New York State
 * State the specific geographic area (including the state) you will be focusing on here ** : **

B. Clearly describe two of the most important negative effects of the problem. Each description should be no longer than two sentences (6 points) Part B score:_

One effect is the lack of nurses to provide care in hospital and out them.
 * Describe the first negative effect here:

The second negative effect is the overload of work that the current nurses have.
 * Describe the second negative effect here:

Exercise 5.2: Providing Evidence of a Societal Problem within the County of your Choosing Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 21 points)

Provide three different forms of clear and convincing evidence of the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. Specify the geographic locality that each piece of evidence is from, which should be the same locality as you identified in 5.1. If it is not, you must specify how the evidence you find is relevant to the locality that you specified in 5.1. Write up to 4 sentences describing each piece of evidence. Label graphs and tables to conform to the example given on page 61 of the //Maxwell Manual//. Make sure your graph has a title, labeled axes and a source.

A. Write up to 4 sentences providing evidence of your societal problem and support this evidence by including a trend line graph. (Note: graph must be generated electronically and may not be hand drawn. Needs to have at least 3 points and **at least one point must be factual**). (7 points) Part A score:_


 * ** Evidence described by graph: **

The graph show the demand of nurses, the supply of nurses, and the shortage percentage of nurses in New York State.

** Insert Graph Here: **



B. Write up to 4 sentences providing evidence based on a quote from a player, stakeholder, or expert you interviewed (include the direct quote that supports the evidence). (7 points) Part B score:_

"increased responsability, lower pay, long hours, does not make nursing very appealing" Mrs.Collin, this quote show the problems with being a nurse. Nursing is a job in which you have a lot of responsabilities and not everyone is willing to take them. Also the economical part does not compensate to the hours worked. Mrs.Collin, "increased responsability, lower pay, long hours, does not make nursing very appealing"
 * Evidence from a player, stakeholder, or expert:

C. Write up to 4 sentences providing evidence by citing a print or electronic source. (7 points) Part C score:_


 * ** Evidence from a print or electronic source: **


 * Caring career: Nurse need grows acute**

Amid an uncertain economy and worrisome unemployment numbers, there's a well-paying field begging for workers.

Nurses are taking on an increasingly diverse role in health care, opening up new jobs in all kinds of settings, including community health, home care and hospitals. As demand for nurses has risen, so have salaries.

Pay at the beginning of last year among the 23,141 members in the city averaged more than $60,000, according to the New York State Nurses Association. Despite respectable salaries, flexible schedules and work that can be very rewarding, nurses remain in need.

"New York City has a somewhat greater nursing shortage problem in terms of filling hospital nursing positions," said Mary Mundinger, dean of the Columbia University School of Nursing. The shortfall "is about 8% and 9% nationwide. In New York, it's getting close to 10%."

allnurses.com,"N.Y. nursing shortage brings higher salaries, varied roles", []

Exercise 5.3: Identifying Underlying Causes of the Problem Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 12 points)

Describe and provide sources for the four most significant causes that contribute to the existence of the societal problem which you are studying. (NOTE: the causes and sources used can be general & not specific to the local area.) The causes should not overlap or be redundant.


 * One source may be used for several or all of the causes, and at least one of the four must be based on a quote from a player, stakeholder, or expert you have interviewed (7 points will be deducted if you do not do this).
 * 3 points will be deducted if a major cause is not discussed and full credit will be assigned only if reasonable causes are included and the discussion is clearly and precisely written.

long hours, low pay, lots of responsability, mostly women profession, overload with responsabilities, not as many men and women teaching nursing ,babyboom.
 * ** Write and briefly describe the first cause here: **

Nurses do not get paid as good as they should for all the responsabilities that they have, and all the task that they do.


 * ** Write and briefly describe the second cause here: **

The overload of work that nurses have in their shifts.


 * ** Write and briefly describe the third cause here: **

There is less people going to college for nursing.


 * ** Write and briefly describe the fourth cause here: **

Nurses have to work for long shifts. (12 hours)

[]

Exercise 5.4: Describing the Current Policy Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 8 points)

A. Describe one current policy now in effect in the locality you specified in 5.1 to remedy the problem described in 5.1. The policy can originate at a local, state, or national level but must be operating in all or part of the locality you have chosen. Be clear where it originates. (2 points) Part A score: _


 * ** Describe the policy here: **

The Nursing Practice Act states that no patient should feel pain, so nurses who do not fill the requirements can get their liscense suspended.

http://www.google.com/search?q=new+york+state+nursing+policy&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&safe=active#sclient=psy&hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US%3Aofficial&q=one+policy+of+nursing+is&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&pbx=1&fp=9f8b03dc067bc529

first link
 * ** Write the specific geographic location the policy originated in here: **

California,US

B. Identify the local administrative unit primarily responsible for implementing the policy. (2 points) Part B score:_


 * ** Identify the local administrative unit here: **

Department of Consume Affairs
 * ** State the geographic location over which they have the authority to act: **

In the state of California.

C. Identify the legislative body that is the original source of this policy. (2 points) Part C score:_


 * ** Identify the legislative body here: **

U.S department of Health. Over every state in the United States.
 * State the geographic location over which they have the authority to act:

D. Describe how a court at any level (local, state, federal) could be involved in the application of the policy. (2 points) Part D score:_


 * ** Describe how a court could be involved here: **

If this policy is not used on a patient in any state, a court can start a legal process towards the hospital or practitioner.


 * ** State the geographic location over which they have the authority to act: **

Over all United State.

Exercise 5.5: Describing the Role of Business and Non‑Profit Organizations Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 6 points)

A. Identify a business corporation and describe an action it takes to reduce the societal problem you are studying at any geographic level, not necessarily your chosen locality. (3 points) Part A score: _


 * ** Write the name and location of the corporate headquarters of the business here: **

New York State Nurses Association, New York

NYSNA, []
 * In one sentence, indicate the action this corporation takes to reduce the societal problem by quoting a statement either from the company itself or another source here:

NYSNA offers seminars and events which attempt to educate nurses and people who may want to teach nursing, also tries to get people to choose nursing as their career.

B. Identify a non-profit organization and describe an action it takes to reduce the societal problem you are studying at any geographic level, not necessarily your chosen locality. (3 points) Part B score: _ 2


 * ** Write the name and location of the local or national headquarters of the non-profit organization here: **

Walden University, Baltimore
 * In one sentence, describe the organization takes to reduce the societal problem by quoting a statement either from the organization or another source here:

"Te School of Nursing provides academically rigorous and culturally and contextually relevant educational programs, based in the scholar-practitioner model, for a diverse array of nursing professionals seeking enhancement of critical thinking skills, abilities to select and implement evidence-based practices, and core and specialty nursing knowledge in order to transform society."

walden university,http://www.waldenu.edu/Colleges-and-Schools/College-of-Health-Sciences/School-of-Nursing.htm

Exercise 5.6: Examining the News Media's Discussion of Societal Problems Your Total Score: _ (Maximum: 6 points)

Select and evaluate an editorial, op-ed, or letter to the editor published within the last 6 months from any newspaper that discusses your societal problem at any governmental level or location. Do not summarize the article. Attach a copy of the entire article directly behind this exercise.


 * ** Evaluate how well the author presents the “societal problem,” “evidence of the problem,” and “causes of the problem,” and quote at least one sentence or part of it from the article here: **

The author gives examples of what nurses are going trought, causes of the nurse shortage and problems that it brings. "The economy has certainly had an impact on the job market for nurses, as nurses who were planning to retire have delayed those plans, part-time nurses have requested additional hours, and full-time nurses have sought additional shifts,"

The washington post, "Nursing Opportunities Expected to Increase",http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/30/AR2010083002233.html, August 30, 2010

= Nursing Opportunities Expected to Increase = Monday, August 30, 2010; 10:34 AM

For years now, we've been hearing about the nursing shortage in this country. Is that still the case? On the whole, yes, say nurse recruiters throughout the Washington metropolitan area, though there has been a temporary "blip" as a result of the recession. "The economy has certainly had an impact on the job market for nurses, as nurses who were planning to retire have delayed those plans, part-time nurses have requested additional hours, and full-time nurses have sought additional shifts," says Dennis Hoban, Senior Director of Recruitment for Washington Hospital Center. But, while short-term the nursing shortage appears to have eased, looks are deceiving, says Hoban. "Long-term, we're still expecting a shortage for years to come." Washington Hospital Center is still hiring both new graduates as well as more experienced nurses, says Hoban, but adds that the application process is more competitive than it has been in recent years, and new grads may have to shift their expectations somewhat. "While we're always looking to hire nurses, not every unit will have openings," says Hoban. In the recent past, new graduates were able to pick and choose their desired area of specialty but openings for new nurses are not as plentiful at this time, agrees Darlene Vrotsos, Vice President and Chief Nursing Officer at Virginia Hospital Center. "Today, employers are searching for factors that will set candidates apart from the rest of the competition," she says. "Therefore, it is crucial to be flexible and open to where the opportunities are when it comes time to begin interviewing." Another way to improve your chances of being selected for a position is by having a customer service attitude, Vrotsos advises. "Today, this skill set is as important to patient outcomes as are critical thinking and technical nursing skills," she says. Obtaining employment while still in school as a Certified Nursing Assistant, Patient Care Assistant, or Clinical Technician can also enhance the chances of acquiring a position as a new graduate when the time comes, Vrotsos suggests. "This helps you become acclimated to the clinical environment, while giving your potential employer the opportunity to observe your work ethic and performance first-hand." Virginia Hospital Center brings new graduates into all specialties and provides fellowships that are tailored to the individual. While the 2008 economic downturn has minimized the effects of the nursing shortage, Inova Health System's nursing and human resource strategists are planning for the near-term when the improving economy will mean nurses are in greater demand. According to Dr. Patti Connor-Ballard, RN and Interim Chief Nurse Executive, despite the lower vacancy rates resulting from the present economy, Inova continues to hire new graduate and experienced nurses to help fill vacancies resulting from promotions and other career enhancement opportunities. Realizing that the nursing shortage will soon resurface, Inova Health System is committed to its investments in the new graduate fellowship nurse program, designed to provide supplemental education and training to new graduates. "Inova plans to select a number of new graduate nurses who distinguish themselves among their college peers for on-the-job education, mentoring, and training for medical, surgical, oncology and some critical care areas," says Connor-Ballard. Inova also continues to seek experienced nurses to provide patient care while allowing for promotions of nurses who are interested in exploring a secondary field of interest such as informatics, professional practice, or quality. Inova also seeks highly trained nurses for areas where there are expansions due to new service lines or new facilities. According to Connor-Ballard, Inova Health System remains fully dedicated to meeting the evolving needs of the communities it serves by providing the highest quality of nursing care available. "This realization requires Inova to continuously recruit, train, and develop nurses who provide safe and uncompromising care," she says. Even in the midst of an unsteady economy, the good news is that nursing remains an excellent career choice, says Eileen Dohmann, Vice President of Nursing at Mary Washington Hospital. "The flexibility and variety that nursing offers continue to be an attractive draw." While Mary Washington hired fewer new graduates last year than it has in recent years, Dohmann expects those numbers to increase in the near future. "I don't want people not to go to nursing school because they think there aren't jobs available, because that's just not true," she says, adding that Mary Washington is in an excellent position to hire more nurses as the economy improves because it is both located in a growing area and is a growing organization itself. If you're a new graduate or soon will be, Dohmann recommends looking for a position sooner rather than later, as well as considering different geographic locations, and different kinds of nursing. "Get experience anywhere you can," Dohmann advises. And most importantly, she adds, "Don't give up."

Exercise 6.1: Evaluating the Grading Exercise and Increasing Learning Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 6 points)

Identify and justify in one sentence which of the three grading alternatives would be most **feasible** in future PAF 101 classes. In another sentence, identify and justify which of the three grading alternatives would be most **effective** in future PAF 101 classes to increase learning.


 * ** Write one sentence for which alternative would be most feasible here: **

The one who gives the most b's because this way a lot more people would be sure about getting a b, for then have a grade that is average.
 * Write one sentence for which alternative would be most effective here:

The traditional system would be the most effective because with this system students have to do their work, and by doing so they would learn more.

Exercise 6.2: Developing Public Policy Alternatives Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 33 points)

A. Using **information from a book, website, or article**, describe a public policy alternative to the existing policy to deal with the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. The information can refer to any geographic area or governmental level.

Part A score:_
 * The policy must be at the local level and be reasonable in terms of the criteria discussed in Step 2 on pp. 73-74 of the //Maxwell Manual//.
 * To receive credit for this exercise, the alternative must be able to be implemented by one or more agencies that have direct authority in the geographic location your policy targets.
 * Rate the feasibility and effectiveness of your alternative using the terms “high,” “medium,” or “low,” and justify your rating. (8 points)
 * Internal citation needed for all policy alternatives.

· ** Description of Policy Alternative #1 and the local government agency responsible for implementation here: **

Collegues would admit more students into nursing programs. National Institute of Nursing Research

 · ** Identify your source of information and explain how it helped you formulate your policy here: ** Linda H. Aiken, Robyn B. Cheung, Danielle M. Olds, "Education Policy Initiatives To Address The Nurse Shortage In The United States", [], Last acces on april 6

· ** Rate Policy Alternative #1 Effectiveness here: High ** · ** Justification: By incrementing the number of accepted students into nursing programs it would increment the number of RNs. **

· ** Rate Policy Alternative #1 Feasibility here: High ** · ** Justification: If colleges' nursing budgets become bigger, there would be more students. **

B. Using **information you received through an interview with a player, stakeholder, or expert**, describe a public policy alternative to the existing policy to deal with the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. The information can refer to any geographic area or governmental level. · Follow the instructions from Part A. (8 points) Part B score:_

· ** Description of Policy Alternative #2 and the local government agency responsible for implementation here: **

Nurses from other countries which speak english would be brought to the U.S. U.S Department of Health and Human Services.

 · ** Identify your source of information and explain how it helped you formulate your policy here: ** Esme Cullen, Usha Ranji,Alina Salganicoff of the Kaiser Family Foundation, "Addressing the nursing shortage", [], Last access on april 6

· ** Rate Policy Alternative #2 Effectiveness here: 3 ** · ** Justification: The policy would solve the nursing shortage for a short term by importing nurses. **

· ** Rate Policy Alternative #2 Feasibility here: 1 ** · ** Justification: This is not a good long-term policy because eventually bringuing nurses from other countries would become too expensive, or other countries would start running out of nurses. **

C. Using **any source of information**, describe a public policy alternative to the existing policy to deal with the societal problem identified in Exercise 5.1. The information can refer to any geographic area or governmental level.

Part C score:_
 * Follow the instructions from Part A. (8 points)

· ** Description of Policy Alternative #3 and the local government agency responsible for implementation here: **

More scholarships and loans would be given to students who decide tu go to college for nursing.

 · ** Identify your source of information and explain how it helped you formulate your policy here: ** Esme Cullen, Usha Ranji,Alina Salganicoff of the Kaiser Family Foundation, "Addressing the nursing shortage", [], Last access on april 6

· ** Rate Policy Alternative #3 Effectiveness here: High ** · ** Justification: With this policy more students would look at nursing like a career. **

· ** Rate Policy Alternative #3 Feasibility here: High ** · ** Justification: United States is in need of nurses, this means that almost every RN that gets out of school would get a job in no time. **

D. Using only your ratings and justifications in Parts A-C, summarize your preferred policy alternative clearly and coherently in no more than 5 sentences. (9 points) Part D score:_


 * ** In no more than 5 sentences, state your preferred policy and explain why it is superior to the other two alternatives by comparing the feasibility and effectiveness of each here: **

My preferred policy is the incrementing of the budget in colleges that offer nursing programs. A lot of students are rejected of nursing programs not because they have low grades, but because there is no enough room to fit them into nursing programs. This policy would correct that and let more students learn about nursing and become RNs.

Exercise 6.3: Finding Legislation on Your Topic Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 10 points)

A. Using the Congressional Information Service (CIS Index) reference material or the web address, **http://thomas.loc.gov**, find a piece of federal legislation related to your topic area (not necessarily your proposed policy). Attach a copy of the first page of the legislation. (5 points) Part A score:_

· ** Record the full search statement you used here: **

** Nursing **

[|/home/LegislativeData.php]|

· ** Write one complete sentence on how the bill is related to your topic here: **

** The bill implements that each unit has enough nurses to not overload the current nurses and to provide appropiate direct care to the patient. **

B. Using the New York State web address (**www.state.ny.us**) or the New York State Assembly or Senate home pages (**http://assembly.state.ny.us** or **http://senate.state.ny.us**), find a piece of legislation related to your topic area (not necessarily your proposed policy). Attach a copy of the first page of the legislation. (5 points) Part B score:_

· ** Record the full search statement you used here: **

** Nurse **

** [] **

· ** Write one complete sentence on how the bill is related to your topic here: **

The NYS Senate gave power to the nurses to sign death certificates which would make mora accurate postmortem care.

Exercise 6.4: References Your Total Score:_ (Maximum: 10 points)


 * Prepare a list of references that includes all sources for this module.
 * Follow the APA format.
 * Include all sources used in the exercises.

· ** Start References on the next line or on the next page: **

allnurses.com,"N.Y. nursing shortage brings higher salaries, varied roles", []

[]

http://www.google.com/search?q=new+york+state+nursing+policy&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&safe=active#sclient=psy&hl=en&safe=active&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US%3Aofficial&q=one+policy+of+nursing+is&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&pbx=1&fp=9f8b03dc067bc529

first link

NYSNA, []

walden university,http://www.waldenu.edu/Colleges-and-Schools/College-of-Health-Sciences/School-of-Nursing.htm

The washington post, "Nursing Opportunities Expected to Increase",http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/30/AR2010083002233.html, August 30, 2010

Linda H. Aiken, Robyn B. Cheung, Danielle M. Olds, "Education Policy Initiatives To Address The Nurse Shortage In The United States", [], Last acces on april 6

Esme Cullen, Usha Ranji,Alina Salganicoff of the Kaiser Family Foundation, "Addressing the nursing shortage", [], Last access on april 6

[|/home/LegislativeData.php]|

** [] **